Alpha Institute for Advanced Studies

In a message dated 27/02/2012 15:27:56 GMT Standard Time,

Dear Myron,

Perhaps there is an action versus reaction going on at the centre of the galaxy as stars are emitted from the core that can be compared with what is seen using the tools on a Van de Graaf generator.

If a clockwise spiral shape is set up on a Van de Graaf generator, the disc spins anticlockwise when the handle is turned and the electrons leave the trailing ends of the disc moving clockwise.

If an ‘L’ shape is fitted on the top of the generator with the point of the L then lying horizontal, the electrons can be felt as a breeze emerging from the point if the tip of the tongue is placed near it. This electron breeze must also be emerging from the spiral galaxy fitting and must produce the anticlockwise rotation of the spiral disc as an action versus reaction effect. Perhaps this tells us something about galaxy spin.

The centre of the galaxy could be then seen as a supermassive core spinning in the opposite direction to the trailing stars of the arms, but with whole galaxy being dragged slowly in the direction of spin of the core. The core could be systematically spun faster by subsequent stars being ejected, so the core would spin faster as more stars are ejected.

Just an idea, but it may give food for thought.

Best Wishes

Kerry

In a message dated 26/02/2012 22:03:32 GMT Standard Time,

Dear Myron,

Galaxies spin with their arm ends trailing.

There are an equal number of galaxies spinning clockwise and anticlockwise from our point of view as would be expected, since a galaxy spinning clockwise from above would be spinning anticlockwise when viewed from below. It is the direction of spin with regard to the trailing arms which is important, as you know.

Best Wishes

Kerry

This note shows that the new equation of motion is the same for all spirals of the type:

r = r0 / theta power n

but that the torsion, linear velocity and angular velocity depend on n. Most generally the whirlpool galaxy may be made up of many hyperbolic spirals of different type, and may be made up of both clockwise and anticlockwise rotation. For various reasons the hyperbolic spiral is preferred to the Archimedes spiral on grounds of observation. The logarithmic spiral is ruled out by the fact that it gives no torsion. There are also double helix nebulae which require a Z axis component to be added to the spiral. Google “galaxy images from Hubble” to see double spirals such as Arp 274 and Stephan’s quintet.

In a message dated 27/02/2012 10:39:48 GMT Standard Time.

In note 209(4) a factor of omega0 seems to be missing in eqs. 17-18. In (18) the lhs should read v squared.

In note 209(3) you placed the coordinate origin to X= infinity. Wouldn’t it be easier and more plausible to reverse the time paramter by

t –> t0 – t

Then the right directions of motion should come out. However there is a problem with the square root in (7) then. The absolute value of t would have to be taken.

Horst

r = r0 / theta power n

but that the torsion, linear velocity and angular velocity depend on n. Most generally the whirlpool galaxy may be made up of many hyperbolic spirals of different type, and may be made up of both clockwise and anticlockwise rotation. For various reasons the hyperbolic spiral is preferred to the Archimedes spiral on grounds of observation. The logarithmic spiral is ruled out by the fact that it gives no torsion. There are also double helix nebulae which require a Z axis component to be added to the spiral. Google “galaxy images from Hubble” to see double spirals such as Arp 274 and Stephan’s quintet.

a209thpapernotes4.pdf

r = r0 / theta power n

It is very important to note that the dynamics being developed here are completely non Newtonian, a whirlpool galaxy is observed to be completely non Newtonian. The Einstein theory has been abandoned as incorrect, and also fails completely in a whirlpool galaxy as has been known for no less than fifty years. It is also very important to note that the spacetime torsion swirls a star out of the centre of the galaxy towards its edges, and that the angle theta increases wth time. Just think of a glass rod swirling liquid in a beaker. At point A in the attached figure a time interval tau has elapsed from the start of the dynamic process at the point O. It follows that the coordinate system must be defined as in the figure. This definition will be used in future notes to define the double whirlpool galaxy observed by the Hubble space telescope and to develop its dynamics. A long time ago Cotes used Newtonian dynamics to show that the orbit of a particle of mass m attracted to a particle of mass M by an inverse cube law is a hyperbolic spiral, but that is the opposite motion of the whirlpool galaxy. In the Cotes analysis the time starts at A and finishes at O.

a209thpapernotes3.pdf

MoreonSpiralGalaxies.doc

a208thpapernotes5.pdf

partial f / partial t = (1/2) omega df / dtheta

The connection, torsion and Riemann curvature elements can be found for any orbit because df / dtheta can be found from the orbit and omega can either be observed directly or found by the analysis of UFT206. The mean angular velocity of a planet is of course well known with great precision. So I can now proceed to write up UFT207 with co author Horst Eckardt, who has contributed to a rigorous discussion.

a207thpapernotes8.pdf