Archive for May, 2018

407(5a) Trivial Refutation of the Schwarzschild Metric

Tuesday, May 29th, 2018

407(5a) Trivial Refutation of the Schwarzschild Metric

While reworking this note to correct an error found by co author Horst Eckardt I was able to show that the de Sitter theory and the obsolete Schwarzschild metric produce gravitational repulsion and not gravitational attraction. This is shown very easily in Eqs. (13) onwards by expressing the ordinary kinetic energy as the Thomas half multiplied by the rest energy. So for the first time it has been shown that the Schwarzschild metric of 1916 is trivially wrong. So EGR has been rejected by the ECE schools inside any university of note. The old Schwarzschild metric was bound to fail because its geometry is totally wrong. Similarly the metrics of big bang, black holes are totally wrong, none of them consider torsion. This had to be shown in order for progress to be made towards a better physics.

a407thpapernotes5a.pdf

Note 408(1): The Dirac H Atom as a Thomas Precession

Monday, May 21st, 2018

The Dirac H Atom as a Thomas Precession

Many thanks to Co President Gareth Evans for these kind remarks. Much appreciated. The energy levels of the Sommerfeld and Dirac H atoms are the same, but the Dirac atom gives the spin orbit fine structure by using the SU(2) basis. The energy levels of the Schroedinger and Bohr atoms are the same, but the Schroedinger atom gives the orbitals and much more information than the Bohr atom. The effect of the vacuum on the Dirac atom is the Lamb shift, so this can also be thought of on terms of the Thomas half. The energy levels of the Schroedinger H atom are the Thomas half multiplied by the Einstein rest energy m c squared. This analysis can be extended to all atoms and molecules, and in ECE2 it is developed into a generally covariant unified field theory in a space with finite torsion and curvature. The Thomas half is developed in this space.

This is an astonishing result again. Like a spider’s Web, the strands of physics are pulled together. This is the mind of a master scientist weaving a uniquely original web and leaving many lifetimes of study for scientists to follow.

Note 408(1): The Dirac H Atom as a Thomas Precession

Sunday, May 20th, 2018

Note 408(1): The Dirac H Atom as a Thomas Precession

This note shows that the Dirac H atom is also a Thomas precession, and gives the relativistically corrected Thomas half in Eq. (22). It is well known that the Dirac atom gives the correct spin orbit structure for atomic H but the Sommerfeld atom does not. Llewellyn Thomas developed the Thomas half theory in the same golden age of physics. So all atoms and molecules can be described in terms in terms of the Thomas half in a completely new way, on the non relativistic and relativistic levels. This is a major advance in understanding, accompanied by the fact that the Thomas half is now understood in terms of a generally covariant unified field theory, ECE and ECE2. These major advances are being made all the time, and the millions of colleagues of the ECE school know all about them. These colleagues have effectively discarded the old guard of physics, and did so fifteen years ago.. It is clear that funding for the old Einstein theory should be discontinued, and used for something useful. It is well known that Nobel prizes awarded for large parts of the old physics are obsolete. The only thing that matters is geometrical correctness and Baconian physics. All else is anthropomorphic and transient.

a408thpapernotes1.pdf

Thomas / ECE2 Precession and the Sommerfeld Atom

Wednesday, May 16th, 2018

Thomas / ECE2 Precession and the Sommerfeld Atom

After completing an extensive literature search on the Sommerfeld atom the next note will explain how the Thomas / ECE2 precession appears in the atom. For a useful site google "Sommerfeld H atom energy levels" and third site that comes up. The Thomas / ECE2 precession is the angular precession of the semi major axes of the elliptical orbitals per orbital angle. This gives the famous rosette structure that Sommerfeld sketched in a letter to Einstein. The Lorentz / ECE2 factor is (1 – (alpha / n) squared) power minus half, and the Thomas half enters as described in a previous note , and is the same as for the Schroedinger H atom: v / c = alpha / n. The energy levels of the Sommerfeld atom are the same as those of the Dirac atom, and Sommerfeld introduced the azimuthal quantum number. He was nominated eighty four times for a Nobel Prize, many of his students and post docs (e.g. Debye, Pauli and Heisenberg) were Nobel Laureates, but Sommerfeld was never awarded a Nobel Prize. Obviously one should not read too much into a Nobel Prize, it has become a completely arbitrary, politicised, procedure. My case shows that very clearly. I was nominated several time for B(3), but people like the fraudster Bruhn were able to attack the Royal Swedish Academy. Bruhn also attacked the Welsh Assembly and mocked the British Head of State, Queen Elizabeth II. The fraudsters were overwhelmed by a huge tide of support for the work of my colleagues and myself in developing B(3) into ECE and ECE2, and the old system of physics was overturned. It can no longer cynically censor ideas which interest millions of the colleagues worldwide. After Elsevier tipped me for a Nobel Prize in its Sci Topics feature it was also attacked by the same fraudsters who set up the Wikipedia site. Now that it is known that the Schroedinger atom is a Thomas / ECE2 precession, it will be shown in the next note that the Bohr and Sommerfeld atoms are also Thomas / ECE2 precessions. Alfred Nobel did not intend his name to be dragged in the mud in this way. Otto Stern was nominated eight two times and was finally awarded a Nobel Prize. Bertrand Russell from Wales was nominated once and got the Literature Prize. He was capable of course, but he was a philosopher, not a poet or novelist. Dylan Thomas, the enfant terrible, was never nominated. Reverend R. S. Thomas was nominated against his will about six times or so, but the Prize went to Seamus Heaney. Yassir Arafat, a terrorist, as awarded a Peace Prize. Jean-Paul Sartre refused the prize. Bub Dylan didn’t turn up for the ceremony. Wikipedia in the wrong hands is a dangerous rag because it is used to destroy careers and lives, so it is best to shut it down.

407(4): Development of the New Theory of Atoms

Monday, May 14th, 2018

407(4): Development of the New Theory of Atoms

All is OK here I think because only the expectation value < v squared> is actually used. This is worked out from < p squared / (2m)> . after working it out it is used inside the gamma factor. So the use of the wording "expectation value of gamma" should be avoided. agreed with the second point. The calculation needs the expectation value <1 / r > which you have worked out in previous papers. For n = 1 it is the Bohr radius. Agreed about the virial theorem. This is the first inroad to the relativistic theory. As usual some checking and development work will follow.
407(4): Development of the New Theory of Atoms
To: Myron Evans <myronevans123>

Can the expectation value (statistical average value) of gamma in eq.(16) be transferred to <v^2> ? This is not a linear transformation, and for any function f(v) we have

< f(v) > not equal f( <v> )

because f weights the values of v differently.
In (28) the factor <1/r^2> seems to be missing. Isn’t this the Bohr radius for the H atom, at least for n=1?

Perhaps another point to consider: The so-called Virial theorem:

<T> = – 1/2 <U>.

Normally this only holds for certain forms of the potential energy (type 1/r^n) but only in the non-relativistic case. This theorem is fulfilled here.

Horst

Am 13.05.2018 um 13:49 schrieb Myron Evans:

407(4): Development of the New Theory of Atoms

The major new insight is given by Eq. (1), which is developed into a relativistic theory. This gives several new insights on the non relativistic and relativistic levels. For example the energy levels of the Schroedinger H atom are the negative of the expectation values of the electronic kinetic energy in each orbital. The energy levels of the Sommerfeld atom are the Thomas precession per radian multiplied by the rest energy, m c squared. The force equation and spin connection are derived, and the expectation value of the Lorentz factor defined. The ordinary non relativistic kinetic energy is the Thomas half multiplied by the rest energy. So elements of relativistic theory combine to give a familiar non relativistic result. The Thomas half is obtained by spinning the ECE2 line element.

Second Method of Refutation of de Sitter Precession

Monday, May 14th, 2018

Second Method of Refutation of de Sitter Precession

Second Method of Refutation of de Sitter Precession

In the third term of Eq. (1) it is the radius of the earth, better denoted r sub E for clarity. In the second term it is the electron proton distance. The expectation value of the third term is the term itself, because it is a macroscopic quantity. So this is worked out in the note.

What is the variable r in this note? In eq.(1) ist is the radius of the earth, but in (3) it seems to be the radius of the H atom. De Sitter precession is smaller than <U_C> in my earlier calculation.

Horst

Am 13.05.2018 um 15:20 schrieb Myron Evans:

Second Method of Refutation of de Sitter Precession

This is an improvement on Note 407(3) and shows that the de Sitter theory imparts an unquantized positive energy to the energy levels of the H atom. This is a thousand times larger than the observed negative valued energy levels of the H atom, elegantly described by the Thomas / ECE2 precession. This comes from the gravitational interaction of the electron with the earth’s mass. The electron is never free of the earth’s gravitational field, and its energy levels are known with great precision. The de Sitter theory’s predictions are never observed, Q. E. D. I encourage the colleages within AIAS / UPITEC and elsewhere to find other trivial refutations like this of the marbles in EGR. Many thanks to Horst for pointing out the need to simplify Note 407(3). The famous "Evans Eckardt dialogue" always lands up with improvements. I should think that EGR is a load of old cobblers, with none of its marbles left upon which to carve ineluctable wisdom. If I were a standard modeller I would be a white haired raving maniac trying to deal with numerous refutations and having lost all my marbles entirely. "Trivial" in this context means very simple, and very profound – Ockham’s Razor – keep it as simple as possible without losing precision and mathematics. The gravitational interaction of the electron and proton is completely negligible, but not the gravitational interaction of the electron and the earth, moon, other planets and sun. It is OK now to criticise Albert Einstein. In fact he would have encouraged criticism.

407(4): Development of the New Theory of Atoms

Sunday, May 13th, 2018

407(4): Development of the New Theory of Atoms

The major new insight is given by Eq. (1), which is developed into a relativistic theory. This gives several new insights on the non relativistic and relativistic levels. For example the energy levels of the Schroedinger H atom are the negative of the expectation values of the electronic kinetic energy in each orbital. The energy levels of the Sommerfeld atom are the Thomas precession per radian multiplied by the rest energy, m c squared. The force equation and spin connection are derived, and the expectation value of the Lorentz factor defined. The ordinary non relativistic kinetic energy is the Thomas half multiplied by the rest energy. So elements of relativistic theory combine to give a familiar non relativistic result. The Thomas half is obtained by spinning the ECE2 line element.

a407thpapernotes4.pdf

Trivial Refutation of the de Sitter Precession

Saturday, May 12th, 2018

Trivial Refutation of the de Sitter Precession

1) I first expressed the Coulomb potential (11) as U sub C = – alpha h bar c / r. Its expectation values are given by Eq. (15), <U sub C> = -(alpha / n) squared m c squared.
2) It follows that the gravitational potential is U sub g = 2mMG / r = 2 x alpha h bar c / r. its expectation value is <U sub g> = – 2 x <U sub C> = 2 x (alpha n) squared m c squared. The missing factor 2 has been reinstated here.
3) So the energy levels of the H atom are Eq. (21) with x replaced by 2 x. These are the energy levels in a gravitational field because the Thomas precession is replaced by a de Sitter precession in a gravitational field. This is of course the dogma of the standard model.
4) I worked out x with the data of Eq. (23). It is x = 1.5752 ten power ten, and this is very large and not observed. So the de Sitter theory is refuted, Q. E. D.

The electron of the H atom experiences the gravitational field of the proton and also the gravitational field of the earth, the moon, the sun and other planets. The gravitational pull of the proton is negligible because the proton mass is very small. I simply used eq. (18) to work out the expectation value of 2mMG / r. in Eq. (18) mMG is multiplied and divided by alpha h bar c. For the electron in the gravitatonal field of the earth:

x = mMG / (alpha h bar c) = 1.575 ten power ten.

So the Coulombic expectation value, Eq. (15), is multiplied by – 2x. The factor – 2x is much smaller for the proton / electron gravitational interaction, which is negligible compared with the proton / electron electrostatic interaction. For r I used the radius of the earth, i.e. l assumed that the H atom is in a laboratory on the earth’s surface. The main point is that the standard model’s rotating Schwarzschild metric (de Sitter precession) gives complete nonsense. However the rotating ECE2 metric (Thomas precession) gives a perfect and original description of the H atom as in Note 407(1).

There are some points unclear to me: How did you equate the gravitational term

< m M G / r > = x < alpha hbar c / r >

to

x (alpha/n)^2 m c^2 ?

The latter is from the Coulomb potential and does not appera in <U_grav>.

Another question: Why did you use the electron mass orbiting around the earth and not the proton mass of the H atom?

Inserting the constants (with the factor 2 which seems to be missing) gives

<U_grav> = 2 < m M G / r > = Joule.

With 1 Rydberg = Joule

This is a small correction of four orders of magneitude below the H ground state energy, comparable to spin-orbit splitting.

Horst

Am 11.05.2018 um 14:40 schrieb Myron Evans:

Trivial Refutation of the de Sitter Precession

Once it is realized that the H atom is a Thomas precession, the de Sitter precession is trivially refuted as attached, by considering an H atom in the Earth’s gravitational field. The spinning Schwarzschild line element used by de Sitter gives a very large correction to the H atom energy levels, and this is never observed experimentally.

Final Version of Note 407(1)

Saturday, May 12th, 2018

Version of Note 407(1)

Many thanks again and much appreciated!

I had noticed the error with alpha but had forgotten to mention it in my earlier email. Eq. 37 is a rally important result, and (43) gives a vivid explanation of alpha.

Horst

Am 11.05.2018 um 13:22 schrieb Myron Evans:

Subject: Final Version of Note 407(1)

This version corrects minor typographical errors in the original Note 407(1), the factor alpha should have been alpha squared in various equations. The corrected version gives the neat result (37). for the H atom v / c = alpha / n, a completely new result of quantum mechanics. Here n is the principal quantum number, v is the orbital velocity of the electron, alpha is the fine structure constant, and c the universal constant known as the speed of light in vacuo. It is immediately clear that the familiar H atom can be described relativistically, even though it is a solution of the supposedly non relativistic Schroedinger equation. Its Thomas half is given by Eq. (37). So the H atom is a Thomas precession. The AIAS is named after the fine structure constant, alpha. This final version will now be used to give a trivial refutation of the de Sitter precession in Note 407(3). By "trivial" I mean "very simple" but also of key importance to the whole of physics.

Final Version of Note 407(1)

Friday, May 11th, 2018

Subject: Final Version of Note 407(1)

This version corrects minor typographical errors in the original Note 407(1), the factor alpha should have been alpha squared in various equations. The corrected version gives the neat result (37). for the H atom v / c = alpha / n, a completely new result of quantum mechanics. Here n is the principal quantum number, v is the orbital velocity of the electron, alpha is the fine structure constant, and c the universal constant known as the speed of light in vacuo. It is immediately clear that the familiar H atom can be described relativistically, even though it is a solution of the supposedly non relativistic Schroedinger equation. Its Thomas half is given by Eq. (37). So the H atom is a Thomas precession. The AIAS is named after the fine structure constant, alpha. This final version will now be used to give a trivial refutation of the de Sitter precession in Note 407(3). By "trivial" I mean "very simple" but also of key importance to the whole of physics.

a407thpapernotes1.pdf